四大发明：the four great inventions

印刷术/活字印刷术：printing/movable-type printing

造纸术：paper-making

指南针：compass

火药：gunpowder

丝绸之路：the Silk Road

瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery

硬币/纸币：coins/paper bills

对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce

古代文明：ancient civilization

文化交流：cultural exchange

文化冲突：cultural shock/cultural conflict

文化产业：cultural industry

文化遗产：cultural heritage

乡村文化：rural culture

民族文化：national culture

民间艺术：folk art

表演艺术：performing art

特征：feature/characteristic

祖先：ancestor

哲学家：philosopher

中国文学：Chinese literature

中外学者：Chinese and overseas scholars

巨著：great works

显著成就：remarkable achievements

神话/传说：myth/legend

阳历/阴历：solar calendar/lunar calendar

金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth

工艺/手工艺品：craft/ handicraft

唐朝：Tang Dynasty

始于...年/持续...时间/灭亡：begin in/last for/collapse

统治/统治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)

在...统治下：during the reign of ...

权力/权威：power/authority

戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/Peking Opera/theater

诗人/政客：poet/politician

少数民族：ethnic minority

社会地位：social status

起源于：originate in/from …

（在一个地方起源用in，从一个地方起源用from）

追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…

发源地：birthplace

古代：ancient times

现代：modern times

独特元素：a unique element

组成（选一背诵即可）：

A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A组成B）

B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A组成）

【常见错误：切忌不要用comprise of】

工业革命：industrial revolution

代表：represent/stand for

象征：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)

繁荣：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)

国宝：national treasure

*腐败：corruption

*扩大领土：extend the territory/domain

*夺取政权：seize the power

*才子佳人：gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

*下棋饮茶：play chess and drink tea

*耕耘收割：sow and reap

*织布缝衣：weave and sew

*湖上打渔：fish on the lake

*砍柴采药：cut firewood and gather herbs

*吟诗作画：compose poems and paint pictures

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